{"id":13149,"date":"2022-01-09T10:00:29","date_gmt":"2022-01-09T18:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/?p=13149"},"modified":"2026-02-21T00:24:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T08:24:12","slug":"working-principle-of-dc-motor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/working-principle-of-dc-motor\/","title":{"rendered":"Working Principle Of DC Motor: 2026 Complete Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"

In our daily lives, we come across a variety of battery-powered electrical gadgets that transform electrical energy into mechanical energy, such as hairdryers, toy vehicles, tiny fans, trimmers, and so on. The electrical component responsible for this action is a Direct Current (DC) motor present inside those gadgets.<\/span><\/p>\n

A DC motor is a type of electric machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. They take electrical power through direct current and convert this energy into mechanical rotation. Today, DC motors have become an integral part of the industrial sector and are used for various applications, such as electric vehicle propulsion, elevators, cranes, and steel rolling mill drives. In this article, we will discuss the <\/span>working principle of DC motor<\/span>. Follow this new blog in Linquip to find out more.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Working<\/p>\n

DC Motor Components<\/span><\/h2>\n

To understand the <\/span>working principle of DC motor<\/span>, let\u2019s first look at the components used in its construction. A DC motor<\/a> usually looks like a cylindrical device with a shaft extending out of it that rotates on applying DC. This action is carried out by arranging the following components in a particular manner.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stator<\/span><\/h3>\n

A stator, or a steel yoke, is a cylindrical metal casing inside which all the other elements of a DC motor are placed. One face of the stator contains a vertical shaft coming out of it, while the other face has the two terminals to which the DC power supply is connected.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Magnets<\/span><\/h3>\n

There are two stationary permanent magnets installed inside the stator of a DC motor. They act as the north and south poles of a magnet by setting up a horizontal magnetic field across them.<\/span><\/p>\n

Armature<\/span><\/h3>\n

In electrical engineering, the term armature refers to a structure of rotating coils under the influence of electromagnetic force. In a DC motor, an armature is composed of a rotor placed between the two magnets. A rotor is a structure of laminated discs wrapped around by a conducting field coil. The shaft pointing out of the motor passes along the axis of the armature and rotates along with it.<\/span><\/p>\n

Field Coil<\/span><\/h3>\n

The field coil or field winding in a DC motor is a coil of copper wires that replaces the permanent magnets attached to the inside walls of the stator. When DC from a battery is passed through this coil, it forms an electromagnet whose polarity can be controlled, setting up a desired magnetic field.<\/span><\/p>\n

Commutator<\/span><\/h3>\n

A commutator is a hollow cylindrical piece segmented at many spots to reverse the polarity of the electromagnetic armature coil inside the DC motor. It is a critical part of a motor to work on a DC power supply. It sits at the end of the armature around the shaft. The ends of the armature coil are connected to the commutator, while all other parts, except brushes, are electrically isolated from it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Brushes<\/span><\/h3>\n

The brushes in a DC motor are the components that connect the static terminals to the rotating parts of the motor. They are usually made of carbon graphite since it is a great conductor of electricity and have excellent lubricant properties. The commutator is positioned between the two brushes, which are further connected to the motor\u2019s terminals, completing the circuit with the DC power source.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Working<\/p>\n

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