{"id":26439,"date":"2023-05-30T10:00:49","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T18:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/?p=26439"},"modified":"2023-05-29T09:01:38","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T17:01:38","slug":"what-is-ntc-thermistor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ntc-thermistor\/","title":{"rendered":"What is NTC Thermistor? (Types, Applications &#038; Advantages)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ntc-thermistor\/#A_Brief_History\" >A Brief History<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ntc-thermistor\/#Working_Principle_of_NTC_Thermistor\" >Working Principle of NTC Thermistor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ntc-thermistor\/#Characteristics_of_NTC_Thermometers\" >Characteristics of NTC Thermometers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ntc-thermistor\/#Types_of_NTC_Thermistors\" >Types of NTC Thermistors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ntc-thermistor\/#Advantages\" >Advantages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ntc-thermistor\/#Disadvantages\" >Disadvantages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ntc-thermistor\/#Applications\" >Applications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ntc-thermistor\/#FAQs\" >FAQs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ntc-thermistor\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ntc-thermistor\/#Download_PDF_for_What_is_NTC_Thermistor\" >Download PDF for What is NTC Thermistor?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is NTC Thermistor- The term &#8220;NTC&#8221; is the abbreviation for &#8220;Negative Temperature Coefficient&#8221;. In NTC thermistors, the resistance decreases as temperature increases, so they are resistors with a negative temperature coefficient. In addition to serving as resistive temperature sensors, they are also used as current-limiting devices. There is a five-fold increase in temperature sensitivity coefficient over silicon temperature sensors (silistors) and a ten-fold increase over resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). NTC sensors are typically used in a range from \u221255 to +200 \u00b0C.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With Linquip, you can learn everything you need to know about thermistors. We have a &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/industrial-directories\/579\/thermistors\"><b>Thermistors<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; page where you can find more information about Linquip&#8217;s solutions regarding your specific situation. The time has come for you to learn about NTC thermistors so you can simplify your work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choosing the right thermistor can be difficult if you are unfamiliar with them. Among our extensive selection of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment\/579\/thermistors\"><b>Thermistors Products<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the Linquip website, you will find many options. The Linquip Platform allows you to receive free quotes from multiple <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/suppliers-companies?category_id=579&amp;cn=thermistors\"><b>Thermistors Suppliers and Companies<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are several types of thermistors, but the most common is a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. Often small in size, these temperature sensors are highly sensitive. This guide will teach you everything you need to know about NTC thermistors in detail.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Brief_History\"><\/span><b>A Brief History<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1833, Michael Faraday discovered the first NTC thermistor, which was based on the behavior of silver sulfide semiconductors. He observed a dramatic reduction in silver sulfide resistance with increasing temperature. Due to the difficulty in creating the initial thermistors and partial applications of the technology, commercial production of thermistors did not begin until the 1930s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Samuel Ruben invented a commercially viable thermistor titled &#8220;Duracell&#8221; in 1930. A major development occurs in the study of NTC thermistors due to the development of incessant transistor technology after that. 1960 marked the development of NTC thermistors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_Principle_of_NTC_Thermistor\"><\/span><b>Working Principle of NTC Thermistor<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature is the main factor affecting the operation of an NTC thermistor. A thermistor&#8217;s resistance will decrease as its temperature increases. Every 1-degree centigrade increase in temperature will result in a 5% decrease in resistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26441\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26441\" style=\"width: 550px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26441\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ntc-resistance-temperature.webp\" alt=\"What is NTC Thermistor\" width=\"550\" height=\"229\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ntc-resistance-temperature.webp 550w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ntc-resistance-temperature-300x125.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26441\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">As the temperature rises, the thermistor resistance decreases (Reference: <strong>eepower.com<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Material resistance to electrical flow is influenced by two factors: how many free electrons there are and how easily electrons can move through it. In the case of the latter, the crystal composition of the material will affect how many &#8220;free electron paths&#8221; there are for the current to flow.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These thermistors are made up of ceramics containing metal oxides, including oxides of Mn-Ni-Co, Ni-Cr, and Cu-Ni. Combined with oxygen, these metals create bonds that restrict electron paths within the crystal structure, thereby increasing resistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The crystal structure of metals breaks down slightly at higher temperatures due to collisions between atoms, releasing electrons, and allowing free electrons to travel. When there are more free electron paths, there is less resistance to electrical flow. In other words, NTC thermistors show a reduction in resistance with increasing temperature.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Characteristics_of_NTC_Thermometers\"><\/span><b>Characteristics of NTC Thermometers<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature changes and self-heating cause NTC thermistor resistance to change. In this case, ambient heating refers to any heat source external to the NTC Thermistor. By passing an electric current via the thermistor, joule heat results in self-heating. &#8220;No-load&#8221; characteristics are characterized by a low self-heating influence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>No-Load NTC Thermistor<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b><i>Resistance-Temperature Characteristics<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Within the operating temperature range of an NTC thermistor, an exponential function approximates the relationship between resistance value and absolute temperature.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">R_1=R_2.{\\mathrm{exp} \\left(B.\\left(\\frac{1}{T_1}-\\frac{1}{T_2}\\right)\\right)\\ }<\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">R1 and R2 are NTC Resistance in \u2126 at temperatures T1 and T2 in K. B value is considered in K as the Material Constant of the NTC thermistor. As a practical matter, a resistance-temperature relationship table will be provided within the NTC&#8217;s operating temperature range.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b><i>B Value<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NTC materials determine B values, which are expressed as slopes on R\/T curves. This is another way to express B based on the previous formula.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">B=\\frac{{\\mathrm{lnR}}_1\\mathrm{\\ -\\ }{\\mathrm{lnR}}_{\\mathrm{2}}}{\\frac{\\mathrm{1}}{{\\mathrm{T}}_{\\mathrm{1}}}\\mathrm{-}\\frac{\\mathrm{1}}{{\\mathrm{T}}_{\\mathrm{2}}}}\\mathrm{\\ }<\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NTC materials typically have B values between 3000K and 5000K. It is important to balance B value selection with other constraints when selecting nominal resistance since every type and packaging of NTC will not support every B value.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26446\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26446\" style=\"width: 412px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26446\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/B-value.png\" alt=\"What is NTC Thermistor\" width=\"412\" height=\"455\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/B-value.png 412w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/B-value-272x300.png 272w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26446\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">B value (Reference: <strong>industrial.panasonic.com<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><b><i>Temperature coefficient<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the temperature changes, the resistance value is altered relative to the temperature coefficient.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{\\alpha }\\mathrm{\\ =}\\frac{\\mathrm{1}}{\\mathrm{R}}.\\frac{\\mathrm{dR}}{\\mathrm{dT}}\\mathrm{\\ }<\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b><i>Resistance Tolerance<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An NTC thermistor&#8217;s resistance tolerance is specified at one temperature point, which is application specific, usually 25\u00b0C. Upon customer request, other temperatures can also be specified. The formula for expressing resistance tolerance is as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{\\Delta }{\\mathrm{R}}_{\\mathrm{1}}\\mathrm{\\ =\\ }\\left|\\frac{\\mathrm{\\partial }\\mathrm{R}\\left(\\mathrm{T}\\right)}{\\mathrm{\\partial }{\\mathrm{R}}_{\\mathrm{2}}}\\right|\\mathrm{.\\ }\\mathrm{\\Delta }{\\mathrm{R}}_{\\mathrm{2}}\\mathrm{\\ +}\\left|\\frac{\\mathrm{\\partial }\\mathrm{R}\\left(\\mathrm{T}\\right)}{\\mathrm{\\partial }\\mathrm{B}}\\right|\\mathrm{.}\\mathrm{\\Delta }\\mathrm{B\\ \\ +}\\left|\\frac{\\mathrm{\\partial }\\mathrm{R}\\left(\\mathrm{T}\\right)}{\\mathrm{\\partial }\\mathrm{T}}\\right|\\mathrm{.}\\mathrm{\\Delta }\\mathrm{T\\ }<\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This equation can be simplified as follows if the third temperature-dependent term is neglected:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathrm{|}\\frac{\\mathrm{\\Delta }{\\mathrm{R}}_{\\mathrm{1}}}{{\\mathrm{R}}_{\\mathrm{1}}}\\mathrm{|=|}\\frac{\\mathrm{\\Delta }{\\mathrm{R}}_{\\mathrm{2}}}{{\\mathrm{R}}_{\\mathrm{2}}}\\mathrm{|+|}\\frac{\\mathrm{\\Delta }{\\mathrm{R}}_{\\mathrm{B}}}{{\\mathrm{R}}_1}\\mathrm{|\\ \\ \\ }<\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this relationship, \u0394RB represents the resistance tolerance caused by the spread of the B value. Thus, at a given temperature, resistance tolerance depends on two factors: tolerance of rated resistance amount and variation of B value. Another decision point is choosing the NTC tolerance since many customers need a precision window balanced with a full range of temperature capabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b><i>Temperature Tolerance<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following formula can be used to calculate the temperature tolerance for small temperature intervals:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathit{\\Delta}T\\ =\\frac{1}{\\alpha }\\ .\\frac{\\mathit{\\Delta}R}{R}\\ <\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In practical applications, we recommend using the standardized R-T table.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Electrical load on NTC Thermistors<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b><i>Heat Dissipation Constant<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As an electric current passes through a thermistor, Joule heat is generated. In order to express this self-heating, we can use the following formula:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P_{el}\\ =\\ V.\\ I\\ =\\ {\\delta }_{th}\\ .\\left(T\\ -\\ T_A\\right)<\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\delta }_{th}\\ =\\ \\frac{P_{el}}{T\\ -\\ T_A}\\ =\\ \\frac{V.\\ I}{\\left(T\\ -\\ T_A\\right)}=\\ \\frac{R_T.\\ I_2}{T\\ -\\ T_A}<\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this equation, P<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">el<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> represents power supplied, V is the voltage imposed on the thermistor, and I denotes the current flowing through the thermistor. Also, \u03b4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (in mW\/K) indicates the NTC thermistor heat dissipation constant, T is the temperature reached thermal equilibrium, and T<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the ambient temperature. R<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stands for thermistor resistance at temperature T.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Heat Dissipation Constant \u03b4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">th<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> measures how much energy it takes for a thermistor in a steady state to increase its body temperature by 1K. Heat is dissipated by thermistors to their surroundings at a faster rate when their dissipation factor is higher.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using an NTC thermistor always causes some errors because of the thermistor&#8217;s temperature increase. You should keep power consumption well below the NTC&#8217;s maximum power rating in order to maintain a small measurement error. The thermistor, however, has varying resistance values and electrical properties, so there is no universally optimal design process. Figures for NTC thermistors&#8217; thermal characteristic values typically refer to still air. As a result of stirring air or when the customer processes after shipment, thermal characteristics may change.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b><i>Voltage-Current Characteristics<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The temperature of a thermistor increases sharply when constant electrical power is applied, but this increase declines over time. Once the NTC temperature has reached a steady state, heat conduction, and convection will consume power. When thermal equilibrium is achieved, dT\/dt = 0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V.I\\ =\\ {\\delta }_{th}.\\ \\left(T\\ -\\ T_A\\right)\u00a0 <\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In accordance with Ohm&#8217;s Law V = I.R, the formula above can be written as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">I\\ =\\ \\sqrt{\\left({\\delta }_{th}.\\frac{T\\ -\\ T_A}{R\\left(T\\right)}\\right)}\\ \\ <\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">or<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V\\ =\\ \\sqrt{\\left(\\delta th.\\left(T\\ -\\ T_A\\right).R\\left(T\\right)\\right)}\\ <\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here is a parametric expression for voltage\/current characteristics with R(T) representing the temperature-dependent NTC thermistor.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b><i>Maximum Power P<\/i><\/b><b><i>25<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is the maximum power that an NTC thermistor can handle at 25\u00b0C in still air. NTC thermistors operate in self-heating mode when power P<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is applied. It is best to avoid operating in the self-heating section unless it is directly targeted. Generally, NTCs operate within their maximum power ratings when circuit design is proper.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><b><i>Thermal Time Constant \u03c4<\/i><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If a temperature sensor with temperature T1 sits in an environment with temperature T2 (air or water), the temperature of the sensor changes exponentially as a function of time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T\\left(t\\right)=\\ T_2\\ +\\ \\left(T_1\\ -\\ T_2\\right).e^{-t\/\\tau a}<\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At t= \u03c4<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T(\\tau )\\ =\\ T_1\\ +\\ (T_2\\ -\\ T_1)\/(1\\ -\\ 1\/e)\\ <\/span>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An NTC thermistor&#8217;s temperature change at time \u03c4 equals 1 &#8211; 1\/e = 63.2% the difference in temperature between T<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and T<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This time \u03c4 refers to the Thermal Time Constant commonly called \u201cTau 63.2\u201d or \u201cTau 63\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NTC thermistors have the following specifications.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The resistance at 25 degrees Celsius is 10K x 1%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a B-value of 3950 \u00b1 1%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Response time ranges from 0.12 to 10 seconds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is approximately a 7.5mW\/K dissipation factor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a thermal cooling time constant of lower than 20 seconds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The temperature ranges between -55\u00b0C and +200\u00b0C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two terminals available.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is exponential linearity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature accuracy of 0.05\u00b0C to 1.00\u00b0C can be achieved.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In temperatures between -40\u00b0C and 150\u00b0C, the maximum tolerance is 1.5%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In terms of cost, it is moderate to low.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_NTC_Thermistors\"><\/span><b>Types of NTC Thermistors<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on their construction, NTC thermistors can be divided into three types.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26447\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26447\" style=\"width: 432px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26447\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/NTC-Thermistor-Symbol.jpg\" alt=\"What is NTC Thermistor\" width=\"432\" height=\"209\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/NTC-Thermistor-Symbol.jpg 432w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/NTC-Thermistor-Symbol-300x145.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26447\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">NTC thermistor symbol (Reference: <strong>circuitstoday.com<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Bead Thermistors<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ceramic body of the bead thermistors is molded directly with platinum alloy lead wires. By sealing them inside the glass, they are protected from damage during assembly and are also enhanced in stability.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compared to other types of thermistors such as chip and disk thermistors, these types offer better stability, and quick response times, and can operate at maximum temperatures. They range in diameter from 0.075mm to 5mm in size. Miniature glass probes and glass-coated beads are the most common type of bead-type thermistors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Disk &amp; Chip Thermistors<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Metalized surface contacts are used in these types of NTC thermistors. Their size is larger and they react more slowly than bead-type thermistors. The size of these resistors leads to a high dissipation constant. In comparison with bead-type thermistors, these thermistors have a power dissipated proportional to the square of the current, so there is no problem with high currents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thermistors with disk-type NTCs are made by pressing oxide powder into a round die under high temperatures. It is common for chip-type thermistors to be created through a tape-casting process, in which slurries of material are spread into thick films, dried, and then slashed into shape. The diameter of these thermistors ranges between 0.25mm and 25mm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Glass Encapsulated NTC Thermistors<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A sealed glass bubble protects encapsulated NTC thermistors. Using these thermistors, moisture penetration does not cause reading errors in resistance. Extreme temperatures &amp; harsh environmental conditions do not affect these thermistors. They are designed for use at temperatures above 150\u00b0C. Glass encapsulation enhances the stability of a thermometer and protects it from the outside environment. The diameter of these thermostats typically ranges from 0.4 to 10 mm.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26448\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26448\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26448\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/glass.png\" alt=\"What is NTC Thermistor\" width=\"400\" height=\"324\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/glass.png 400w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/glass-300x243.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26448\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Glass encapsulated NTC thermistor (Reference: <strong>hldxsensor.com<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages\"><\/span><b>Advantages<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are some of the advantages of an NTC thermistor.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are highly flexible and sensitive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a temperature sensor, it can detect temperature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The thermistors offer high accuracy and interchangeability at the same time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NTC thermistors are reliable, accurate, perform well, and have good heat resistance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Various sizes and tolerances are available.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main advantage of NTC thermistors over other temperature-sensitive resistors is their sensitivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature changes of even mild magnitude can trigger these thermistors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Their ability to detect a wave below one degree within a temperature range is excellent.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Disadvantages\"><\/span><b>Disadvantages<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are several disadvantages associated with NTC thermistors.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since NTC thermistors are extremely sensitive components, they can damage entire appliances once they overheat.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the event of a damaged thermistor, the dryer will not function at all.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Replacement is not possible since these are specially made.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Choosing an NTC thermistor requires verifying the center temperature working point.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Applications\"><\/span><b>Applications<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NTC thermistors are used in the following applications.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NTC thermistors are used for measuring extremely low temperatures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are normally used in current digital thermostats.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the battery is being charged, these are very useful for monitoring the battery&#8217;s temperature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electronic circuits use these thermistors to limit current flow.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They can also be used in place of fuses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature compensation is achieved by using NTC thermistors.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span><strong>FAQs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b><i>What is the difference between NTC and PTC?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistors have a resistance that increases as temperature increases, while negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors have a resistance that decreases with temperature.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b><i>What is the best way to choose an NTC thermistor?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When Choosing an NTC Thermistor, consider the following factors:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temperature Range<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accuracy.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stability.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Packaging.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immunity to noise.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><b><i>Is there a voltage range for NTC?<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is a range of output voltage between 71 millivolts and 3.231 volts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><b>Conclusion<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this article, we provided you with important information about NTC thermistors. We tried to give you a general overview of NTC thermistors, their principles, equations, specifications, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. For questions about choosing the right thermistor, contact <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/experts?\"><b>Linquip Experts<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. You can also access a variety of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/suppliers-companies\/service-provider?category_id=579&amp;cn=thermistors\"><b>Thermistors Service Providers<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> via the Linquip platform if you need services related to your equipment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Download_PDF_for_What_is_NTC_Thermistor\"><\/span><span id=\"Download_PDF_for_TRC_Phase_Shift_Oscillator\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Download_PDF_for_Series_Parallel_Circuit_Calculator\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><strong>Download PDF for What is NTC Thermistor?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>You can download the PDF format of this post from the link provided\u00a0<b>here<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><b>Buy Equipment or Ask for a Service<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>By using Linquip RFQ Service, you can expect\u00a0to receive quotations from various suppliers across multiple industries and regions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/linquip.com\/get-quote?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content&amp;utm_campaign=product_list&amp;utm_term=product_list&amp;utm_content=rfq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here to Request a Quotation From Suppliers and Service Providers<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Read More on Linquip<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;What is a Thermistor &quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:1338049,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;9&quot;:1,&quot;10&quot;:1,&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;14&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:1136076},&quot;16&quot;:11,&quot;17&quot;:1,&quot;21&quot;:1,&quot;23&quot;:1}\" data-sheets-hyperlink=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-a-thermistor\/\"><a class=\"in-cell-link\" title=\"What is a Thermistor and How its Working?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-a-thermistor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is a Thermistor and How its Working?<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\" data-sheets-value=\"{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:&quot;Types of Thermistor&quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:1338049,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;9&quot;:1,&quot;10&quot;:1,&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;14&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:2,&quot;2&quot;:1136076},&quot;16&quot;:11,&quot;17&quot;:1,&quot;21&quot;:1,&quot;23&quot;:1}\" data-sheets-hyperlink=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/types-of-thermistor-a-fundamental-comparison\/\"><a class=\"in-cell-link\" title=\"Types of Thermistor; 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(Applications &amp; Advantages) &quot;}\" data-sheets-userformat=\"{&quot;2&quot;:1073857,&quot;3&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:0},&quot;9&quot;:1,&quot;10&quot;:1,&quot;12&quot;:0,&quot;16&quot;:11,&quot;17&quot;:1,&quot;23&quot;:1}\" data-sheets-hyperlink=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ptc-thermistor\/\"><a class=\"in-cell-link\" title=\"What is PTC Thermistor? (Applications &amp; Advantages)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-ptc-thermistor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is PTC Thermistor? (Applications &amp; Advantages)<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is NTC Thermistor- The term &#8220;NTC&#8221; is the abbreviation for &#8220;Negative Temperature Coefficient&#8221;. In NTC thermistors, the resistance decreases as temperature increases, so they are resistors with a negative temperature coefficient. In addition to serving as resistive temperature sensors, they are also used as current-limiting devices. There is a five-fold increase in temperature sensitivity &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":26450,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[333],"class_list":["post-26439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-electrical-component","tag-industrial-guideline"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26439"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29631,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26439\/revisions\/29631"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}