{"id":3503,"date":"2020-12-27T10:00:02","date_gmt":"2020-12-27T18:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/?p=3503"},"modified":"2022-07-06T08:39:29","modified_gmt":"2022-07-06T16:39:29","slug":"impulse-turbine-working-principle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/impulse-turbine-working-principle\/","title":{"rendered":"Impulse Turbine: Working Principle, Components, and Types"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/impulse-turbine-working-principle\/#Why_Is_It_Called_an_Impulse_Turbine\" >Why Is It Called an Impulse Turbine?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/impulse-turbine-working-principle\/#Working_Principle_of_Impulse_Turbine\" >Working Principle of Impulse Turbine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/impulse-turbine-working-principle\/#Components_of_an_Impulse_Turbine\" >Components of an Impulse Turbine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/impulse-turbine-working-principle\/#Impulse_Turbine_Types\" >Impulse Turbine Types<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/impulse-turbine-working-principle\/#Download_Impulse_Turbine_PDF\" >Download Impulse Turbine PDF<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Generally, Hydro turbines are classified into two groups based on how the energy is exchanged between the fluid and the turbine: impulse turbines and reaction turbines. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Water_turbine#:~:text=A%20water%20turbine%20is%20a,used%20for%20electric%20power%20generation.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydro turbines<\/a> are installed to convert the potential energy and kinetic energy of water flow into mechanical work.<\/p>\n<p>Impulse turbines are described as turbines in which high-velocity jets of water or steam collide with the turbine blades to rotate the turbine and generate energy. The impulse turbine gets its name from the impulse force generated by the water jet&#8217;s hitting blade. Several <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/suppliers-companies?q=impulse-turbine\"><strong>Suppliers and Companies<\/strong><\/a>, as well as other manufacturers and distributors, supply impulse turbines, and there are several <strong><u>Impulse Turbines for Sale<\/u><\/strong> on Linquip.<\/p>\n<p>There is a comprehensive list of impulse turbine services on the Linquip website that meets all of your needs. Linquip can connect you with a number of industrial impulse turbine service suppliers and experts who can help you. Linquip has a team of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/experts?q=impulse-turbine\"><strong>Impulse Turbine Experts<\/strong><\/a> ready to help you test your equipment.<\/p>\n<p>Impulse turbines operate based on the change of velocity vectors. In general, the potential energy of the water (or another fluid, e.g., steam) based on the height of the waterfall is converted into kinetic energy by one or more nozzles and then water hits the turbine blades at high speed causing the turbine to spin and consequently generates electricity. These turbines are more suitable for extracting energy from the high head and low flow conditions.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Is_It_Called_an_Impulse_Turbine\"><\/span><strong>Why Is It Called an Impulse Turbine?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The Pelton turbine is an impulse turbine, as opposed to other types of turbines that are reaction turbines. This simply implies that rather than moving as a consequence of a reaction force, water causes the turbine to move by creating an impulse.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_Principle_of_Impulse_Turbine\"><\/span><strong>Working Principle of Impulse Turbine<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In these turbines, the static pressure inside the runner is constant, and the turbine runner is at atmospheric pressure. The runner spins in the air, and the fluid is sprayed to the blades through the nozzle to exchange energy with the turbine. A jet nozzle or a series of nozzles directs the high-speed flow to the blades, which are usually in the shape of buckets or cups. Therefore, only pressure changes occur in the nozzles.<\/p>\n<p>The application of the curved blades is to change the velocity of the flow. This strike causes a change in momentum and based on the law of conversation of energy, a force is applied to the turbine blades. According to Newton&#8217;s second law of motion, the force obtained through the motion of a fluid depends on two factors: the mass of the fluid entering the turbine and the changes in fluid velocity between the turbine inlet and outlet. Since no change in fluid mass occurs, only velocity changes are taken into account in calculating the force applied to the runner.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, in the power generation process in impulse turbines, the following steps are implemented.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The stored water flows from a source upstream through Penstock to be delivered to the nozzle.<\/li>\n<li>The potential energy of the water inside the nozzle is converted into kinetic energy and injected into the blades or buckets; thus, the runner spins.<\/li>\n<li>There is a mechanism to control the flow of water injected into the runner. The spear usually plays an important role in this process.<\/li>\n<li>The generator attached to the shaft converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3504\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3504\" style=\"width: 381px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3504 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/impulse-turbine-components.gif\" alt=\"impulse turbine\" width=\"381\" height=\"221\" title=\"\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3504\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Schematic operation of an Impulse turbine (Reference: <strong>alternative-energy-tutorials.com<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Impulse turbines have the ability to take all the kinetic energy from the water for high efficiency. Water is discharged into the atmosphere from the bottom of the turbine housing after reaching the runner; therefore, there is no suction at the bottom of the turbine. Here you can see schematically how an impulse turbine works in the process of extracting power from the kinetic energy of water as well as its components.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Components_of_an_Impulse_Turbine\"><\/span><strong>Components of an Impulse Turbine<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Impulse turbines are composed of the following components.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Runner<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The runner consists of a circular disk to which a number of curved blades are attached and a cylindrical shaft in the center. Shafts and runners are usually made of stainless steel. In cases where the flow head is less, the runner is made of cast iron.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Buckets <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Buckets are a set of spoon-shaped cups that are mounted around the runner to exchange energy between the fluid and the turbine. The fluid jet hits these buckets after leaving the nozzle, making the turbine to rotate and exiting the outer edge of the bucket. The change in the direction of the fluid during the exit compared to the angle of impact varies depending on the design of the turbine.<\/p>\n<p>To get the largest momentum, this angle must be 180 degrees. However, this angle is limited to angles of about 170 degrees due to considerations such as that the exit flow from one bucket does not collide with the next bucket and does not cause it to brake. These buckets are made of stainless steel or cast iron.<br \/>\n<div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#282828;border-radius:9px;-moz-border-radius:9px;-webkit-border-radius:9px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#424242;border-color:#ffffff;color:#ffffff;border-radius:9px;-moz-border-radius:9px;-webkit-border-radius:9px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/feed\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Test.jpg\" alt=\"Girl in a jacket\" width=\"300\" height=\"82\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"roboto: sans serif;\"><b><a style=\"color: #84ffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/experts?category_id=106\">\u00a0 \u00a0See All Gas Turbine Experts<\/a><br \/>\n<b><a style=\"color: #84ffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/companies\/service-provider?category_id=106\">\u00a0\u00a0 See All Gas Turbine Service Provider<br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/a><b><a style=\"color: #84ffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/companies\/manufacturer?category_id=106\">\u00a0\u00a0 See All Gas Turbine Manufactures<br \/>\n<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h3><strong>Nozzle <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The nozzle is installed to adjust and jet the fluid flow to strike the buckets. As mentioned earlier, it is the only part of the impulse turbine assembly that the pressure changes and the flow head are converted into kinetic energy. The volume of water jet reaching the buckets is adjusted by a component called a spear, which is a conical needle that moves in and out of the nozzle by a hand wheel or automatically. By moving this needle backward, the water flow increases, and by moving forward, it decreases.<br \/>\nThe nozzle is typically made from tungsten carbide, which is very hard and can withstand erosive particles.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a title=\"Find All Nozzle in Linquip\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment?q=Nozzle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find All Nozzle in Linquip<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Casing <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The casing for an impulse turbine is a shield over the turbine to prevent the water from splashing and also to guide it to the spillway, which exists for the extra water to protect the structural integrity of the dam. Normally, Cast iron is used to manufacture the casing.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Penstock <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Penstocks in hydropower plants are pipes and channels that carry water from dams and reservoirs to turbines. In general, they are made of steel. Water flows in these ducts under high pressures.<\/p>\n<p>The figure below shows the different components of impulse turbines and their positions.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3505\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3505\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3505 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Impulse-Turbine-1-768x491-1.png\" alt=\"impulse turbine\" width=\"768\" height=\"491\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Impulse-Turbine-1-768x491-1.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Impulse-Turbine-1-768x491-1-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Impulse-Turbine-1-768x491-1-696x445.png 696w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Impulse-Turbine-1-768x491-1-657x420.png 657w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3505\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Main parts of an impulse turbine (Reference: <strong>mechanicalbooster.com<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In addition to the main components mentioned above, a mechanism is usually used to prevent the turbine from rotating. When the water jet is stopped, the runner continues to rotate due to the effects of inertia. In these cases, to prevent this rotation, a jet of water is injected into the back of the buckets, which is called a <em>breaking jet<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9f8j6Rcr79Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Here<\/a> you can schematically see how an impulse turbine works in the process of extracting power from the kinetic energy of water as well as its components.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impulse_Turbine_Types\"><\/span><strong>Impulse Turbine Types<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Water turbines that are mostly used in hydropower plants are:<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Pelton <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Pelton turbine consists of three main parts: nozzle, runner, and deflector.<\/p>\n<p>This turbine is used for high water drop heights. The water head is converted to high-speed flow by one or more nozzles (up to 6). Water flow and, consequently, the power of the turbine are controlled by the spear by regulating the water flow quantity.<\/p>\n<p>A series of buckets are installed symmetrically around the cylindrical runner of the turbine. The special shape of these buckets causes the water jet to hit the center of the bucket (splitter) and comes out from both sides. This exit is such that the water coming out of the bucket does not hit the next one and does not lead to brake. The axis of the turbine wheel can be placed horizontally or vertically. For high powers and a higher number of nozzles, the shaft is always vertical, and the generator is installed above the turbine.<\/p>\n<p>The deflector is located between the runner and the nozzle, and its task is to prevent water from spraying from the nozzle to the buckets when the load is suddenly removed from the turbine, and its rotational speed is increased. Then, gradually with the help of a spear, the flow of water stops. It is also worth mentioning that due to the possibility of the occurrence of the water hammer phenomenon, the water velocity in the nozzle cannot be reduced quickly, and the discharge can be cut off.<\/p>\n<p>The following figure shows a schematic of the Pelton turbine and other components related to the operation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><a title=\"Find All Pelton in Linquip\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment?q=Pelton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find All Pelton in Linquip<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3506\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3506\" style=\"width: 374px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3506 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/pelton-wheel.jpg\" alt=\"impulse turbine\" width=\"374\" height=\"268\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/pelton-wheel.jpg 374w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/pelton-wheel-300x215.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 374px) 100vw, 374px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3506\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A schematic view of a Pelton turbine (Reference: <strong>image.slidesharecdn.com<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Here are some other hydraulic and physical features:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is utilized for heads between 20 meters to hundreds of meters and discharges between 5 to 1000 liters per second.<\/li>\n<li>Pelton turbine installation is generally easier than a reaction turbine, like Kaplan, with similar power because piping requirements are small due to relatively low flow rates.<\/li>\n<li>Due to the operation of the Pelton turbine at high water pressures, the equipment required for Penstock in these turbines is complex and expensive.<\/li>\n<li>Pelton turbines can achieve up to 95% efficiency; Maximum efficiency of 90% is attainable in micro-scale hydropower plants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To learn more about the history and hydrodynamic principles of the operation of the Pelton turbine, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pelton_wheel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-note\"  style=\"border-color:#282828;border-radius:9px;-moz-border-radius:9px;-webkit-border-radius:9px;\"><div class=\"su-note-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" style=\"background-color:#424242;border-color:#ffffff;color:#ffffff;border-radius:9px;-moz-border-radius:9px;-webkit-border-radius:9px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/feed\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Test.jpg\" alt=\"Girl in a jacket\" width=\"300\" height=\"82\" title=\"\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"roboto: sans serif;\"><b><a style=\"color: #84ffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment\/436\/gas-turbines\">\u00a0 \u00a0What is Gas Turbine?<\/a><br \/>\n<b><a style=\"color: #84ffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment\/20\">\u00a0\u00a0 What is Aeroderivative Gas Turbine?<br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/a><b><a style=\"color: #84ffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment?q=gas%20turbine\">\u00a0\u00a0 Gas Turbine For Sales<br \/>\n<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h3><strong>Turgo<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Turgo turbine is another type of impulse turbine that operates similar to Pelton; the difference is that in these turbines, the water jet hits the buckets obliquely (about 20 degrees). Because of the complicated shape of the buckets, it is more difficult to manufacture the buckets. Turgo turbine has a higher specific speed than Pelton. The advantage is having a larger jet and a smaller machine size compared to Pelton for equal power. This type of impulse turbine is used in small hydropower plants.<\/p>\n<p>You can see a view of the Turgo turbine and the position of the nozzle relative to the buckets in the figure below.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3507\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3507\" style=\"width: 638px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3507 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/turgo.jpg\" alt=\"impulse turbine\" width=\"638\" height=\"359\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/turgo.jpg 638w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/turgo-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3507\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Turgo turbine (Reference: <strong>image.slidesharecdn.com<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Some other physical features are listed here:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They can have higher flow rates than Pelton turbines of the same physical size.<\/li>\n<li>They are proper for high rotational speeds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You can learn more about Turgo Turbine in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3ytIGTnvWv4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this video<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Cross-Flow <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>This turbine is a modified type of impulse turbine used in small hydropower plants. Like other types of impulse turbines, the rotor is rotating in air and is not fully submerged like a reaction turbine. One of the significant advantages and features of this turbine is that it can operate in a wide range of flow rate, head, and consequently power. In addition, it can adapt well to changes in flow while saving efficiency. A special control system can adjust the active part of the turbine according to the amount of water flow.<\/p>\n<p>The different parts of this turbine are shown in the following figure. The runner is drum-shaped. In cases where the head is low, the runner is long, and vice versa, the higher head, the shorter runner. The water enters the turbine after passing through the inlet adaptor and guide vanes, which play the guiding role by leading the flow to hit the rotor at a suitable angle for gaining the best efficiency. The water leaves the turbine through the outlet pipe after passing through the runner twice; it first flows on the upper rotor blades and then returns through the center of the rotor and the lower blades, producing torque in both processes. This is why the name Cross-flow is applied to these turbines. Finally, the flow leaves the rotor through the draft tube. Water can enter the runner horizontally or vertically. The number of blades varies between 10 and 34.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3508\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3508\" style=\"width: 634px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3508 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Diagram-of-crossflow-turbine-main-parts.png\" alt=\"impulse turbine\" width=\"634\" height=\"227\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Diagram-of-crossflow-turbine-main-parts.png 634w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Diagram-of-crossflow-turbine-main-parts-300x107.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 634px) 100vw, 634px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3508\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cross-flow turbine (Reference: <strong>renewablesfirst.co.uk<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Some other hydraulic and physical characteristics are:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This turbine can be used for a head between 2 to 200 meters and a flow rate of 20 to 2000 liters per second.<\/li>\n<li>The power range of these turbines for hydro sites with typical power output is from 5 kW to 100 kW, and in large systems can be up to 3 MW.<\/li>\n<li>They are easy to fabricate and need nearly little maintenance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More information about Cross-flow turbines can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cross-flow_turbine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Download_Impulse_Turbine_PDF\"><\/span><strong>Download Impulse Turbine PDF<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"su-button-center\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/linquip.com-Impulse-Turbine-Working-Principle-Components-and-Types.pdf\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-default su-button-wide\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#2D89EF;border-color:#246ec0;border-radius:12px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:0px 30px;font-size:22px;line-height:44px;border-color:#6cadf4;border-radius:12px;text-shadow:none\"> Download PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3><b>Buy Equipment or Ask for a Service<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>By using Linquip RFQ Service, you can expect\u00a0to receive quotations from various suppliers across multiple industries and regions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/linquip.com\/get-quote?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content&amp;utm_campaign=product_list&amp;utm_term=product_list&amp;utm_content=rfq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here to Request a Quotation From Suppliers and Service Providers<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Read More On Linquip<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a title=\"Types of Turbines: Classifications and Types\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/types-of-turbines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Types of Turbines: Classifications and Types<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a title=\"Draft Tube: A Basic Guide to The Types, Function And Efficiency\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/draft-tube\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Draft Tube: A Basic Guide to The Types, Function, And Efficiency<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a title=\"What is Propeller Turbine? 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Types and Working Principles<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a title=\"Difference between Impulse and Reaction Turbine\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/difference-between-impulse-and-reaction-turbine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-schema-attribute=\"\">Difference between Impulse and Reaction Turbine<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a title=\"Spare Parts Gas Turbine for Sale\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/company\/17368\/ethosenergy\/sale\/detail\/185112\/spare-parts-gas-turbine-spare-parts-for-sale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-schema-attribute=\"\">Spare Parts Gas Turbine for Sale<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a title=\"Taurus 60 PG Industrial Gas Turbine for Sale\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/company\/17368\/ethosenergy\/sale\/detail\/199959\/industrial-gas-turbine-taurus-60-pg-for-sale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-schema-attribute=\"\">Taurus 60 PG Industrial Gas Turbine for Sale<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a title=\"6B.03 Gas Turbine for Sale\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/company\/17368\/ethosenergy\/sale\/detail\/199960\/gas-turbine-6b.03-for-sale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-schema-attribute=\"\">6B.03 Gas Turbine for Sale<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a title=\"TG20 Industrial Gas Turbine for Sale\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/company\/17368\/ethosenergy\/sale\/detail\/199963\/industrial-gas-turbine-tg20-(w251)-for-sale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-schema-attribute=\"\">TG20 Industrial Gas Turbine for Sale<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/combined-cycle-gas-turbine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Combined Cycle Gas Turbine<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/efficiency-of-wind-turbines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Efficiency of Wind Turbines<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/low-head-turbines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is Low Head Turbines?<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-tesla-turbine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is Tesla Turbine and How Does it Works?<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/hydrogen-gas-turbine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydrogen Gas Turbine: All You Need to Know<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/hydrokinetic-turbines\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is Hydrokinetic Turbines? 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Diagram and Working Principles<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/cross-flow-turbine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cross-Flow Turbine: Working Principle, Components, and Advantages<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/draft-tube\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Draft Tube: A Basic Guide to The Types, Function And Efficiency<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/gas-turbine-cycle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gas Turbine Cycle: Everything You Need to Know About Gas Turbine Working Principle<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-wind-turbine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What is Wind Turbine? The Short and Essential Answer<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Generally, Hydro turbines are classified into two groups based on how the energy is exchanged between the fluid and the turbine: impulse turbines and reaction turbines. Hydro turbines are installed to convert the potential energy and kinetic energy of water flow into mechanical work. Impulse turbines are described as turbines in which high-velocity jets of &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":3509,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,432],"tags":[333],"class_list":["post-3503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turbine","category-hydro-turbine","tag-industrial-guideline"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3503"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19112,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3503\/revisions\/19112"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}