{"id":3808,"date":"2021-01-04T10:00:59","date_gmt":"2021-01-04T18:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/?p=3808"},"modified":"2025-08-28T01:22:00","modified_gmt":"2025-08-28T09:22:00","slug":"types-of-turbines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/types-of-turbines\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of Turbines: Classifications and Types"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/types-of-turbines\/#Types_of_Turbines_Based_on_Energy_Exchange_between_the_water_and_the_Machine\" >Types of Turbines Based on Energy Exchange between the water and the Machine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/types-of-turbines\/#Types_of_Turbines_Based_on_Fluid_Direction_Through_the_Machine\" >Types of Turbines Based on Fluid Direction Through the Machine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/types-of-turbines\/#Types_of_turbines_based_on_the_hydraulic_operating_range\" >Types of turbines based on the hydraulic operating range\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/types-of-turbines\/#Types_of_Turbines_Based_on_Specific_Speed\" >Types of Turbines Based on Specific Speed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/types-of-turbines\/#Introduction_of_Widely_Used_Industrial_Water_Turbines_and_Their_Classifications\" >Introduction of Widely Used Industrial Water Turbines and Their Classifications\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/types-of-turbines\/#In_What_Ways_are_Turbines_Pumps_and_Compressors_Different\" >In What Ways are Turbines, Pumps, and Compressors Different?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Different types of turbines are developed to extract mechanical energy from hydraulic energy to generate electricity. There are several ways to explain the types of turbines. Classification methods include the momentum exchange method between the fluid and the turbine, fluid flow path through the turbine, hydraulic range of the turbine activity, and specific speed of the turbine.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are you interested in learning about the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/industrial-directories\/434\/turbine\"><b>Functions of Turbines<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">? Here at Linquip, you may find the essentials of a Turbine, its operating principle, classifications, and its uses. Are you looking to purchase Turbine Equipment? You are invited to browse our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/industrial-directories\/434\/turbine\/for-sale\"><b>Turbine For Sale<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at Linquip, where you have access to See a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment\/434\/turbine\"><b>List of All Turbine Products<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Linquip based on your application and requirements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additionally, Linquip offers a wide variety of Turbine Suppliers and Companies so that you may choose the right firm and provider for your needs. Linquip has a wide variety of Turbine Manufacturers who can aid you in locating the right equipment for your application. A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/suppliers-companies\/service-provider?category_id=434&amp;cn=turbine\"><b>Turbine Service Provider<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can also help you manage your industrial equipment service activities, including installs, maintenance, and repairs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/industrial-directories\/434\/turbines\/for-sale?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content&amp;utm_campaign=product_list&amp;utm_term=product_list&amp;utm_content=first_paragraph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\">\u21d2<\/span> View a Comprehensive List of Turbines and Their Suppliers\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 24pt;\">\u21d0<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In the following, we try to explain each of these classification methods.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Turbines_Based_on_Energy_Exchange_between_the_water_and_the_Machine\"><\/span><strong>Types of Turbines Based on Energy Exchange between the water and the Machine<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Considering how the fluid flow acts on the turbine blades causes hydro turbines to be classified into two categories: impulse and reaction.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><em>Impulse Turbines<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>If the turbine wheel is driven by the kinetic energy of the fluid that strikes the turbine blades through the nozzle or otherwise, the turbine is known as an impulse turbine. In these types of turbines, a set of rotating machinery operates at atmospheric pressure. Impulse turbines are usually suitable for high head and low flow rates.<\/p>\n<p>Pelton, Turgo, and Cross-flow turbines are three types of impulse turbines. The construction of the Pelton and Turgo turbines is similar. However, the Cross-flow turbine is a modified type of impulse turbines that is classified as an impulse turbine due to the rotation of the runner at atmospheric pressure and not as a submerged turbine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment?query=impulse+turbine&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content&amp;utm_campaign=product_list&amp;utm_term=product_list&amp;utm_content=middle_sections\">Click Here to See All Impulse Turbines<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong><em>Reaction Turbines<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>If the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy of water which are due to the pressure and velocity, respectively cause the turbine blades to rotate, the turbine is classified as a reaction turbine. In these types of turbines, the entire turbine is immersed in water\u00a0and changes in water pressure along with the kinetic energy of the water cause power exchange. Applications of reaction turbines are usually at lower heads and higher flow rates than impulse turbines.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment?query=reaction+turbine&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content&amp;utm_campaign=product_list&amp;utm_term=product_list&amp;utm_content=middle_sections\">Click Here to See All Reaction Turbines<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Reaction turbines are very diverse. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-francis-turbine\/\">Francis<\/a>, Kaplan, and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deriaz_turbine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deriaz<\/a> are among these turbines.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3AD_Hiy2QjM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">This video<\/a> provides an overview of these two types of turbines and compares them.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Turbines_Based_on_Fluid_Direction_Through_the_Machine\"><\/span><strong>Types of Turbines Based on Fluid Direction Through the Machine<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The water passage through the turbine divides these turbines into the following four categories:<\/p>\n<h3><strong><em>Radial Flow Turbine\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3809 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/hydro-turbines.jpg\" alt=\"Types of turbines\" width=\"512\" height=\"343\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/hydro-turbines.jpg 512w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/hydro-turbines-300x201.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\">Various examples of water turbine wheels (Reference:<strong>publicresearchinstitute.org)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>If the flow in the runner moves radially, the turbine is radial flow. These turbines are divided into two types: <strong>Inward radial flow<\/strong> and <strong>outward radial flow<\/strong>. Francis turbines can be in the form of radial flow turbines.<\/p>\n<h4><strong><em>Inward Radial Flow Turbines<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In these turbines, water enters the turbine casing through the Penstock, and travels through the fixed guide vanes to the rotor, and exits from there. Therefore, the inner and outer diameters are as the outlet and the inlet, respectively. The Following figure shows the direction of the water in an inward radial flow turbine.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3810\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3810\" style=\"width: 263px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3810 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/inward.jpg\" alt=\"Types of turbines\" width=\"263\" height=\"320\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/inward.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/inward-247x300.jpg 247w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3810\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flow direction in an inward radial flow turbine (Reference: <strong>Quora.com<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Water enters from the casing in the center of the fixed guide vanes. They direct water into the rotor around the fixed guide wheel. Water is discharged from the outer diameter of the runner. Therefore, the inner diameter of the runner is the inlet, and the outer diameter is the outlet.<\/p>\n<p>The figure below depicts how fluid flows through this type of turbine.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3811\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3811\" style=\"width: 256px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3811 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/outward.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"256\" height=\"320\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/outward.jpg 256w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/outward-240x300.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3811\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flow direction in an outward radial flow turbine (Reference: <strong>Quora.com<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em><strong>For Find More Information about Turbine Categories:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"roboto: sans serif;\"><span style=\"color: #1c9eb2; font-size: 10pt;\"><b><a style=\"color: #1c9eb2;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/experts?category_id=106\">\u00a0 \u00a0See All Gas Turbine Experts<\/a><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"roboto: sans serif;\"><span style=\"color: #1c9eb2; font-size: 10pt;\"><b><b><a style=\"color: #1c9eb2;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/companies\/service-provider?category_id=106\">\u00a0\u00a0 See All Gas Turbine Service Provider<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"roboto: sans serif;\"><span style=\"color: #1c9eb2; font-size: 10pt;\"><b><b><b><a style=\"color: #1c9eb2;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/companies\/manufacturer?category_id=106\">\u00a0\u00a0 See All Gas Turbine Manufactures<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"roboto: sans serif;\"><b><b><b><b><\/b><b><a style=\"color: #84ffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/companies\/distributor?category_id=106\"><span style=\"color: #1c9eb2; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0 See All Gas Turbine Distributor<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><em>Tangential or Peripheral Flow Turbines<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>In these turbines, water flows in a tangential direction to the runner. Pelton belongs to this category of turbines.<\/p>\n<h3><em>Axial Flow Turbines<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>In this type of turbine, the fluid flows parallel to the turbine shaft (turbine axis). Kaplan is one of these turbines.<\/p>\n<h3><em>Mixed Flow Turbines\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>A turbine in which the flow enters the turbine radially and leaves it axially is a mixed flow turbine, like modern Francis turbines.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_turbines_based_on_the_hydraulic_operating_range\"><\/span><strong>Types of turbines based on the hydraulic operating range\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Accordingly, water turbines are of three categories:<\/p>\n<h3><em>Low Head Turbines\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Hydraulic turbines operating in the head range of fewer than 45 meters are considered low-head turbines. Kaplan turbine is one of these turbines. If the head is less than 3 meters, it is considered an ultra-low head.<\/p>\n<h3><em>Medium Head Turbines<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>The working range for heads of 45 to 250 meters is known as medium heads. Francis turbines generally operate in such conditions.<\/p>\n<h3><em>High Head Turbines\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Turbines with heads higher than 250 meters are known as high-head turbines, Like the Pelton Turbine.<\/p>\n<p>In the figure below, you can see the operating range of different turbines based on the changes in head and flow rate.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3812\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3812\" style=\"width: 608px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3812 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/operation-range.png\" alt=\"Types of turbines\" width=\"608\" height=\"464\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/operation-range.png 608w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/operation-range-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/operation-range-550x420.png 550w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/operation-range-80x60.png 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3812\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Operation range of different turbines (Reference: <strong>rivers.bee.oregonstate.edu<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Turbines_Based_on_Specific_Speed\"><\/span><strong>Types of Turbines Based on Specific Speed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The specific speed of a turbine (denoted by N<sub>s<\/sub>) is defined as the speed of a turbine with a geometric similarity that can generate a unit of power under a head unit. Based on this parameter, water turbines are classified into three classes:<\/p>\n<h3><em>Low Specific Speed Turbine\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>The values between 1 and 10 are low specific speeds. Impulse turbines operate in this range. For example, the Pelton turbine usually operates at a specific speed of about 4.<\/p>\n<h3><em>Medium Specific Speed Turbine\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Turbines that operate in the specific speed range of 10 to 100, such as Francis, have a medium specific speed.<\/p>\n<h3><em>High Specific Speed Turbine\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Specific speeds above 100 are considered high values. Kaplan turbine works at a high specific speed.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_of_Widely_Used_Industrial_Water_Turbines_and_Their_Classifications\"><\/span><strong>Introduction of Widely Used Industrial Water Turbines and Their Classifications\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After explaining different methods of classifying turbines and mentioning some examples for each of them, we will give a brief description of the turbines that are very well known in the electricity generation industry mentioned in the previous sections.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>For Find More Information about Turbine Categories:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"roboto: sans serif;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; font-size: 10pt;\"><b><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment\/436\/gas-turbines\">\u00a0 \u00a0What is Gas Turbine?<\/a><\/b><b><b><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment\/20\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"roboto: sans serif;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; font-size: 10pt;\"><b><b>\u00a0 \u00a0<a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment\/20\">What is Aeroderivative Gas Turbine?<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"roboto: sans serif;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; font-size: 10pt;\"><b><b><b><a style=\"color: #3366ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment\/3\">\u00a0\u00a0 What is Heavy Duty Gas Turbine?<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"roboto: sans serif;\"><b><b><b><b><\/b><b><a style=\"color: #84ffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment?q=gas%20turbine\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff; font-size: 10pt;\">\u00a0\u00a0 Gas Turbine For Sales<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/b><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><em>Pelton\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>A Pelton turbine is a type of <strong>impulse turbine<\/strong> in which the flow enters the wheel <strong>tangentially<\/strong>. The whole set is at atmospheric pressure, the flow with potential energy and high pressure flows in the Penstock and reaches the nozzle(s). The nozzle is responsible for converting high-pressure flow to high-speed flow. Therefore, the current hits the blades of this turbine, which are in the shape of a bucket, at high speed and causes the runner to rotate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment\/191\/pelton-hydro-turbine?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content&amp;utm_campaign=product_list&amp;utm_term=product_list&amp;utm_content=middle_sections\">Click here to see all pelton turbines<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>These turbines are suitable for <strong>high heads <\/strong>(up to 2000 meters) and <strong>low flow rates <\/strong>(4-15 m<sup>3<\/sup>\/s). They are classified as <strong>low specific speed<\/strong> turbines. They are produced in various sizes and have been used up even to a capacity of 200 MW.<\/p>\n<p>In the figure below, you can see the main components of the Pelton turbine, including nozzle(s), deflector plate (to prevent water jets in case of load stop), runner, and bucket-shaped blades.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3813\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3813\" style=\"width: 376px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3813 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Pelton.gif\" alt=\"Types of turbines\" width=\"376\" height=\"231\" title=\"\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3813\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Main parts of a Pelton turbine (Reference: <strong>renewablesfirst.co.uk<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><em>Cross-flow<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>A cross-flow turbine is a type of modified <strong>impulse turbine<\/strong>. Although similar to Pelton or Turgo, it does not have buckets and the flow does not hit the buckets tangentially, because the turbine does not submerge in water, it falls into this category of turbines.<\/p>\n<p>The main components of these turbines are the runner, the blades installed on the runner, the guide vane(s), and the draft tube. The water flows\u00a0<strong>transversely\u00a0<\/strong>into the runner, exchanging momentum once with the upper blades and once with the lower ones.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment?query=cross+flow+turbine&amp;utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content&amp;utm_campaign=product_list&amp;utm_term=product_list&amp;utm_content=middle_sections\">Click here to see all Cross flow turbines<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>These turbines are commonly used in small hydropower plants. They can work in a\u00a0<strong>wide range of the heads (<\/strong>between 2 to 200 meters) and\u00a0<strong>the flows (<\/strong>between 20 to 2000 liters per second). These turbines can be very well adapted in cases where the flow changes to maintain efficiency. The number of blades is between 10 and 34.<\/p>\n<p>The image below illustrates different parts of a Cross-flow turbine.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3814\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3814\" style=\"width: 302px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3814 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cross-flow-passage-1.png\" alt=\"Types of turbines\" width=\"302\" height=\"215\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cross-flow-passage-1.png 302w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cross-flow-passage-1-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/cross-flow-passage-1-100x70.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3814\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cross-flow turbine components (Reference: <strong>en.wikipedia.org<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><em>Francis<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Francis Turbine is a <strong>reaction turbine<\/strong> used for\u00a0<strong>medium heads\u00a0<\/strong>(10-650 meters)<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>medium flows<\/strong>. Output power can be from 10 MW to 750 MW. These turbines are in the range of <strong>medium specific speed turbines<\/strong>. The main components of these turbines include spiral case, stay vanes, Guide vanes, runner, and draft tube.<\/p>\n<p>The spiral case distributes the water around the wheel, and because its cross-sectional area gradually decreases, it does not allow the water velocity to decrease. The flow is directed to the wheel by stay vanes. Guide vanes are responsible for changes in the direction and velocity of water during changes in flow rate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment\/188\/francis-hydro-turbine?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content&amp;utm_campaign=product_list&amp;utm_term=product_list&amp;utm_content=middle_sections\">Click here to see all Francis Turbine <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Finally, the energy exchange takes place in the runner section. The draft tube also acts as an outlet which increases the net head by moving the exiting water level upwards.<\/p>\n<p>The wheels of these turbines are\u00a0<strong>inward radial or mixed<\/strong>. The higher the specific speed, the closer the wheel gets to the mixed flow. The axis of these turbines is made vertically or horizontally; the horizontal type is used for less power and smaller power plants.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3815\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3815\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3815 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Francis-turbine-main-components.jpg\" alt=\"Types of turbines\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Francis-turbine-main-components.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Francis-turbine-main-components-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Francis-turbine-main-components-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Francis-turbine-main-components-696x522.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Francis-turbine-main-components-560x420.jpg 560w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Francis-turbine-main-components-80x60.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Francis-turbine-main-components-160x120.jpg 160w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Francis-turbine-main-components-265x198.jpg 265w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3815\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Schematic diagram of different parts of a Francis turbine (Reference: <strong>mechanicalbooster.com<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><em>Kaplan\u00a0<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>Kaplan is a propeller-type of\u00a0<strong>reaction turbine<\/strong>. Kaplan turbines are used for\u00a0<strong>low heads\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>high flow rates<\/strong>. The main components of these turbines include spiral case, stay vanes, wicket gates, runner, and draft tube. The water flows radially into the guiding regulator. The spire, blade, and movable vanes act similarly to the Francis turbine. Unlike <em>propellers<\/em>, blades are adjustable in Kaplan. Therefore, by adjusting the guide vanes and blades, the flow rate can be changed in order to maintain efficiency.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/equipment\/189\/kaplan-hydro-turbine?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content&amp;utm_campaign=product_list&amp;utm_term=product_list&amp;utm_content=middle_sections\">Click here to see all Kaplan Turbine<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Kaplan turbine, whose wheel is\u00a0<strong>axial<\/strong>, is mounted vertically for high power and horizontally for low power and low heads.<\/p>\n<p>The specific speed of these turbines is 2 to 3 times that of Francis and they are classified in the category of\u00a0<strong>high specific speed turbines<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The efficiency chart of these turbines is flat and can maintain its efficiency in a wider range of flow, unlike Francis.<\/p>\n<p>The number of blades is 3 to 6, which is much less than Francis being 11 to 17.<\/p>\n<p>The figure below displays the main components of a Kaplan turbine.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3816\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3816\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3816 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/kaplan.png\" alt=\"Types of turbines\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1284\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/kaplan.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/kaplan-280x300.png 280w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/kaplan-957x1024.png 957w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/kaplan-768x822.png 768w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/kaplan-696x745.png 696w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/kaplan-1068x1143.png 1068w, https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/kaplan-393x420.png 393w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3816\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Main components of a Kaplan turbine (Reference: <strong>en.wikipedia.org<\/strong>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=k0BLOKEZ3KU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">video<\/a>, you can see a schematic comparison of Kaplan, Francis, and Pelton turbines.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_What_Ways_are_Turbines_Pumps_and_Compressors_Different\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In What Ways are Turbines, Pumps, and Compressors Different?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It should now be evident that turbines are used to generate energy from fluid movement, whereas pumps are used to generate fluid movement by utilizing that energy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The compressor is used to generate energy by increasing pressure, whereas the turbine is used to remove energy by lowering pressure. The turbine turns hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, whereas the compressor converts mechanical energy into heat energy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Buy equipment or ask for a service<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By using Linquip RFQ Service, you can expect <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to receive quotations from various suppliers across multiple industries and regions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/linquip.com\/get-quote?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content&amp;utm_campaign=product_list&amp;utm_term=product_list&amp;utm_content=rfq\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click Here to Request a Quotation From Suppliers and Service Providers<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Read More on Linquip<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a title=\"Pelton Wheel | Parts, Types, Working Principle and Efficiency\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/pelton-wheel\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pelton Whee l| Parts, Types, Working Principle and Efficiency<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a title=\"Radial Flow Turbine\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/radial-flow-turbine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-schema-attribute=\"\">Radial Flow Turbine<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a title=\"Cross-Flow Turbine: Working Principle, Components, and Advantages\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/cross-flow-turbine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cross-Flow Turbine: Working Principle, Components, and Advantages<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a title=\"An Ultimate Guide to Francis Turbine\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/what-is-francis-turbine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An Ultimate Guide to Francis Turbine<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a title=\"Mixed Flow Turbine\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/mixed-flow-turbine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-schema-attribute=\"\">Mixed Flow Turbine<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/kaplan-turbine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">What is a Kaplan Turbine? 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href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/company\/17368\/ethosenergy\/sale\/detail\/205742\/gas-turbine-vane-frame-6b-for-sale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-schema-attribute=\"\">6B Vane Frame Gas Turbine for Sale<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/top-gas-turbine-manufacturers-in-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Top Gas Turbine Manufacturers In US (2025 Update)<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Different types of turbines are developed to extract mechanical energy from hydraulic energy to generate electricity. There are several ways to explain the types of turbines. Classification methods include the momentum exchange method between the fluid and the turbine, fluid flow path through the turbine, hydraulic range of the turbine activity, and specific speed of &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":32748,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[331],"class_list":["post-3808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turbine","tag-industrial-types"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3808"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3808\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36551,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3808\/revisions\/36551"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.linquip.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}